Country profilesGhana
Ghana
Republic of Ghana
GH · GHA · Full profile
- Capital
- Accra
- Currency
- Ghana cedi (GHS)1 GHS = 0.0852 USD · Frankfurter (European Central Bank reference rates) · Oct 9, 2026
- Trade blocs
- African Union, ECOWAS
- Time zone
- GMT
- Main ports
- Tema, Takoradi
01
At a glance
Population
35.1million
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · SP.POP.TOTL · 2025
GDP
$114billion
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · 2025
GDP per person
$3,257
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · 2025
GDP growth
6%
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG · 2025
Inflation
14.2%
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG · 2025
Trade
69%
2024 · of GDP
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS · 2024
02
Trade at a glance
| Goods | Value, USD | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Pearls, precious stones and metals | $6.6 billion | 42% |
| Mineral fuels | $5.3 billion | 34% |
| Cocoa | $2.2 billion | 14% |
| Fruit and nuts | $462 million | 3% |
| Iron and steel | $335 million | 2% |
| Oil seeds | $285 million | 2% |
| Goods | Value, USD | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral fuels | $4.6 billion | 36% |
| Machinery | $2.0 billion | 16% |
| Vehicles | $1.7 billion | 14% |
| Plastics | $800 million | 6% |
| Electrical machinery | $693 million | 5% |
| Iron and steel | $622 million | 5% |
| Goods | Value, USD | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | $3.1 billion | 18% |
| South Africa | $2.0 billion | 12% |
| United Arab Emirates | $1.7 billion | 10% |
| China | $1.4 billion | 8% |
| India | $1.2 billion | 7% |
| Canada | $847 million | 5% |
| Goods | Value, USD | Share |
|---|---|---|
| China | $3.1 billion | 19% |
| Netherlands | $1.6 billion | 10% |
| Russia | $1.0 billion | 6% |
| India | $1.0 billion | 6% |
| United States | $987 million | 6% |
| Belgium | $763 million | 5% |
Annual merchandise trade reported to UN Comtrade. Partner shares are of the reported total, and a missing reporter year is omitted.
03
Duties and tariffs
The World Bank records a trade-weighted applied tariff of 12.5% for 2022. That average is not the rate on a shipment. The rate you pay is the HS line in the national schedule. World Bank, tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products
The ECOWAS Common External Tariff has five duty bands: 0% for essential social goods, 5% for basic necessities, raw materials and capital goods, 10% for intermediate goods, 20% for finished consumer goods, and 35% for specific goods for economic development. The rate for a product is the band of its HS code, not a country average. ECOWAS Trade Information System, Common External Tariff
On top of the tariff band, Ghana charges an ECOWAS levy of 0.5% of the value of imports from outside the Community. The Ghana Revenue Authority also lists an African Union levy, VAT, NHIL, GETFund and other charges. ICUMS assesses the bill for the shipment. This page does not restate a rate the Authority has not published as a single figure. ECOWAS community levy protocol, and Ghana Revenue Authority tariffs and levies
The lookup opens the customs schedules the desk already carries. It is not a ruling.
04
Import and export steps
Import
- 1File the declaration in ICUMS
A licensed clearing agent submits the declaration in the ICUMS front end, with the invoice, packing list and transport document, before or after the goods arrive. Ghana Revenue Authority, customs FAQ
- 2Classification, valuation and approval
ICUMS processes the declaration through classification, valuation and approval, and issues a tax bill when it accepts the entry. Ghana Revenue Authority, customs FAQ
- 3Pay the tax bill
Duties and taxes are paid at a participating bank against the tax bill. The receipt is presented to the examination officer. Ghana Revenue Authority, customs FAQ
Export
- 1Register with GEPA
Exporters register with the Ghana Export Promotion Authority. GEPA publishes the practical export steps, including inspection by the permit-issuing agency where the goods need one. Ghana Export Promotion Authority, export procedures
- 2Declare the export in ICUMS
Pass a customs declaration through ICUMS. Attach the bill of lading or airway bill, the invoice and the packing list, and choose the customs procedure code for the consignment. Ghana Revenue Authority, customs FAQ
- 3Letter of commitment from a bank
The Authority requires a valid letter of commitment from an authorised commercial bank, quoted in ICUMS and attached to the declaration. Ghana Revenue Authority, customs FAQ
05
Commodities
06
News
07
Overview and sectors
Republic of Ghana is the official name of Ghana, in West Africa. The capital is Accra. The currency is the Ghana cedi (GHS).
Ghana is listed here in African Union and ECOWAS. A bloc is left off when membership is in doubt.
Cargo is recorded through Tema, Takoradi.
Population, output and inflation on this page are the latest World Bank values. Exports, imports and partners are UN Comtrade merchandise figures when the public preview published a row. The currency line uses the European Central Bank reference rate, or the official peg where the currency is fixed.
World Bank merchandise exports were $31.1 billion in 2025. Merchandise imports were $17.5 billion in 2025. These are goods totals, not a forecast. The product and partner tables, when shown, are the UN Comtrade breakdown of the same trade.
08
Sources
| World Bank, World Development Indicators |
| UN Comtrade |
| Frankfurter (European Central Bank reference rates) |
| WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement |
Public figures are reproduced from the source named in the chapter. They can be revised. A profile is not a customs ruling, a legal opinion, or an offer.