Turkey → Germany
Ambarli → Hamburg
Country profilesGermany
Germany
Federal Republic of Germany
DE · DEU · Full profile
- Capital
- Berlin
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)1 EUR = 1.12 USD · Frankfurter (European Central Bank reference rates) · Oct 12, 2026
- Trade blocs
- European Union
- Time zone
- CET
- Main ports
- Hamburg, Bremerhaven
01
At a glance
Population
83.5million
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · SP.POP.TOTL · 2025
GDP
$5.1trillion
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · 2025
GDP per person
$60,496
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · 2025
GDP growth
0.2%
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG · 2025
Inflation
2.2%
2025
World Bank, World Development Indicators · FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG · 2025
Trade
78.5%
2025 · of GDP
World Bank, World Development Indicators · NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS · 2025
02
Trade at a glance
| Goods | Value, USD | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicles | $276.5 billion | 17% |
| Machinery | $263.0 billion | 16% |
| Electrical machinery | $175.8 billion | 11% |
| Pharmaceutical products | $120.9 billion | 7% |
| Optical and medical instruments | $83.0 billion | 5% |
| Plastics | $64.2 billion | 4% |
Annual merchandise trade reported to UN Comtrade. Partner shares are of the reported total, and a missing reporter year is omitted.
03
Duties and tariffs
The World Bank records a trade-weighted applied tariff of 1.3% for 2022. That average is not the rate on a shipment. The rate you pay is the HS line in the national schedule. World Bank, tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products
Goods entering this country from outside the European Union are charged under the EU Common Customs Tariff. The duty depends on the product code. European Commission, calculation of customs duties
Import VAT in Germany is 19% at the standard rate and 7% at the reduced rate. The reduced rate applies to the goods listed in section 12 of the Value Added Tax Act, including many foods and books. Customs duty is a separate charge and comes from the EU Common Customs Tariff. German Value Added Tax Act, section 12
The lookup opens the customs schedules the desk already carries. It is not a ruling.
04
Import and export steps
Import
- 1Invoice, packing list and transport document
A commercial invoice, a packing list, and a bill of lading or air waybill travel with goods entering Germany. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement
- 2Certificate of origin when a preference is claimed
Add a certificate of origin only when the shipment claims a preferential rate. Without that claim, the most-favoured-nation line applies. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement
- 3File the import declaration
The customs declaration is filed with the customs authority of Germany, usually through a licensed broker and the national single window where one exists. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement
Export
- 1Invoice and packing list
Exports from Germany carry a commercial invoice and a packing list, plus the transport document issued by the carrier. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement
- 2File the export declaration
The export declaration is filed before the goods leave. Permits for controlled goods, including food, minerals and dual-use items, sit with the sector regulator and are separate from this file. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement
05
Government agencies
| Agency | What it does | Site |
|---|---|---|
| German Customs (Zoll) | Clears goods in and out, collects duties and runs the customs declaration system. | Site |
| Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control (BAFA) | Sets trade policy, licences and trade remedies. | Site |
| Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI) | Registers and supports foreign investors and joint ventures. | Site |
| Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) | Licenses and inspects food, drugs, plants or animal products crossing the border. | Site |
| DIHK, Chambers of Commerce and Industry | Issues certificates of origin and certifies export documents. | Site |
06
Routes and freight
Germany → Egypt
Hamburg → Alexandria
07
Trade fairs
| When | Fair | City |
|---|---|---|
| Mar 16, 2027 | ITB Berlin | Berlin |
| Apr 5, 2027 | Hannover Messe | Hannover |
| Oct 9, 2027 | Anuga | Cologne |
08
News
- Oct 9, 2026Russia, Germany Add Diesel Supply as Fuel Market Scrambles for BarrelsOilPrice.com
09
Overview and sectors
Federal Republic of Germany is the official name of Germany, in Europe. The capital is Berlin. The currency is the Euro (EUR).
Germany is listed here in European Union. A bloc is left off when membership is in doubt.
Cargo is recorded through Hamburg, Bremerhaven.
Population, output and inflation on this page are the latest World Bank values. Exports, imports and partners are UN Comtrade merchandise figures when the public preview published a row. The currency line uses the European Central Bank reference rate, or the official peg where the currency is fixed.
World Bank merchandise exports were $1.76 trillion in 2025. Merchandise imports were $1.54 trillion in 2025. These are goods totals, not a forecast. The product and partner tables, when shown, are the UN Comtrade breakdown of the same trade.
10
Sources
| World Bank, World Development Indicators |
| UN Comtrade |
| Frankfurter (European Central Bank reference rates) |
| WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement |
Public figures are reproduced from the source named in the chapter. They can be revised. A profile is not a customs ruling, a legal opinion, or an offer.